Artificial intelligence (AI) could enable developing countries to achieve a century's worth of progress in just a decade. This is according to the World Bank Group's World Development Report 2026, which emphasizes the need for governments to act quickly. They must close existing gaps in power, internet access, skills, and institutional quality to prevent being left behind.
The report, titled 'The Promise of Artificial Intelligence', reveals that jobs in high-income countries face a higher risk of automation by generative AI. Approximately 14.2% of jobs in these nations are at risk, compared to 4.5% in low- and middle-income countries. Crucially, AI could meaningfully boost productivity in 16.2% of jobs in developing economies. This figure is close to the 18.7% expected in high-income countries, indicating AI's potential to enhance, not replace, workers.
This finding places AI within Ghana's broader economic narrative of seeking technological solutions for development. Ghana, like many developing nations, grapples with infrastructure deficits and skills gaps. The report's emphasis on foundational investments directly addresses these challenges. It suggests that strategic adoption of AI could significantly contribute to Ghana's efforts to improve public services and economic output.
Indermit Gill, Senior Vice President and Chief Economist of the World Bank Group, stated, "AI has thrown developing economies a lifeline, and they should seize it." He added that these countries do not need large models or big data centers to benefit. Instead, adapting small, low-cost AI tools to local conditions can bring better medical care, education, and agricultural support to millions. Mr. Gill urged swift action, noting AI's rapid and context-specific spread compared to earlier technologies like electricity.
The implications are significant for policymakers in Ghana and across Africa. Decision-makers must prioritize investments in basic infrastructure, including reliable electricity and internet access. In Sub-Saharan Africa, nearly one-third of rural schools lack reliable electricity, and over two-thirds lack dependable internet. The World Bank Group's Mission 300 initiative aims to provide energy access to 300 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030. This initiative lays a crucial foundation for digital and AI inclusion.
Furthermore, countries need to expand access to computing power and improve the availability of local data. This includes data in local languages, allowing AI tools to be tailored for specific populations and economies. Governments should also foster an environment where new firms can attract investment and scale successful AI solutions. Clear procurement and evaluation frameworks are essential to identify effective AI pilots.
Building public trust is equally vital as AI evolves rapidly. Governments should draw on voluntary industry standards to encourage responsible AI use. International cooperation is necessary to prevent regulatory fragmentation. If voluntary measures prove insufficient, existing laws should address harms directly. Improved public services and better learning outcomes, facilitated by AI, will reinforce trust. However, if AI introduces bias or erodes data privacy, rebuilding that trust will be challenging.
The report outlines a three-step path for developing countries: adopt available tools, adapt them to local conditions, and then advance towards frontier AI development. This sequenced approach helps countries avoid costly attempts to replicate advanced AI without the necessary foundational conditions. Gaurav Nayyar, Director of the World Development Report 2026, emphasized that the window to get this right is narrow. He stressed that developing countries building foundations now will be well-positioned to leverage AI for their people.