Illegal sand mining and unsustainable farming practices are severely degrading the White Volta River, jeopardizing the water supply for the Greater Tamale Area. A two-day multi-stakeholder forum in Tamale, held on August 1, 2026, addressed these critical issues. The Catholic Relief Services (CRS), an international NGO, organized the event to discuss the effects of these activities on the river.
The forum aimed to develop practical measures to protect the water intake source for Ghana Water Limited (GWL) at Nawuni in the Kumbungu District. It also sought to sustain the livelihoods of communities engaged in economic activities along the river. Participants included representatives from the Northern Regional Coordinating Council, Minerals Commission, Environmental Protection Authority, and local assemblies.
This environmental degradation fits into a broader national challenge of balancing economic activities with resource preservation. Ghana faces increasing pressure on its natural resources due to rapid urbanization and population growth. The situation in the White Volta highlights the urgent need for effective regulation and enforcement of environmental laws across the country.
Dr. Francis Gumah, Head of Operations at CRS, stated that an assessment identified a steady decline in water quality and quantity for Greater Tamale. He attributed this problem to illegal sand mining, unsustainable farming, and widespread deforestation in the catchment area. These findings informed the Sustainable Sand Mining Project, which demarcates buffer zones and introduces alternative livelihoods.
The project, though in early stages, is already yielding useful lessons for ensuring safe drinking water for Tamale residents. Mr. Sulemana Hassan, GWL's Water Quality staff for the Northern Region, confirmed that illegal sand mining adversely affects water production. He explained that vegetation destruction increases soil erosion and sedimentation, leading to high turbidity levels in the river.
High turbidity causes frequent breakdowns of water abstraction pumps and increases chemical and energy costs during water treatment. It also reduces the volume of treated water available for distribution. Under highly turbid conditions, as much as 25% of abstracted water can be lost during treatment, compared to 5% to 10% under normal conditions.
The Savelugu Municipal Chief Executive, Mr. Alhassan Fusieni, noted that the Assembly has engaged sand miners and truck operators to promote sustainable practices. The Assembly plans to review and strengthen its by-laws and enhance public education to encourage compliance. He emphasized that the goal is not to stop mining but to regulate it sustainably.
Mr. Abdullah Mohammed Sugri, Secretary of the Tipper Truck Association, confirmed transport operators' support for sustainable sand mining efforts. He stated that truck operators have been involved in discussions on regulatory measures since February. The proposed by-laws aim to protect the river while preserving the livelihoods of those in the industry.
The implications of continued degradation are severe, threatening public health and economic stability in the Greater Tamale Area. Decision-makers must prioritize the enforcement of environmental regulations and invest in sustainable alternatives. The success of projects like CRS's will be crucial in safeguarding Ghana's vital water resources for future generations.