About 60% of Ghana’s water bodies are now polluted, according to Dr. Franco Enobrenaco, a senior scientist at the CSIR-Water Research Institute (CSIR-WRI). This alarming figure highlights the severe environmental impact of illegal mining, commonly known as galamsey. The contamination affects both rivers and groundwater sources across the country.
Dr. Enobrenaco, from the Groundwater and Geoscience Division, stated that galamsey is the primary driver of this widespread pollution. He warned that the remaining 40% of relatively unpolluted water bodies face increasing threats. Population growth and ongoing mining activities could further exacerbate the situation, pushing Ghana towards a critical water shortage.
This environmental crisis has significant implications for Ghana’s economic stability and public health. The pollution of water bodies directly impacts agricultural productivity, a cornerstone of the Ghanaian economy. It also affects industrial operations and energy generation, which rely on clean water resources. The cost of treating contaminated water adds a substantial burden to the national budget.
Speaking at the CSIR-WRI Mid-Year Review 2026, Dr. Enobrenaco cautioned that Ghana might eventually be forced to import water. He emphasized the urgency of implementing protective measures for the nation's water resources. He noted that some individuals are already importing water, underscoring the immediate nature of the problem.
Dr. Enobrenaco advocated for a comprehensive strategy to address the crisis. This approach includes reducing or eliminating illegal mining activities and providing alternative livelihoods for those involved. He also stressed the importance of strictly enforcing existing mining laws. Efforts to restore polluted water bodies will be ineffective without tackling the root causes of pollution.
The scientist urged authorities to adopt integrated remediation methods rather than relying on single technologies. He cited the successful restoration of the Thames River in the United Kingdom as a model for Ghana. Such a recovery would require sustained, coordinated action involving the government, researchers, local communities, and other stakeholders. This collaborative effort is crucial for healing Ghana's waters and ensuring long-term water security.
The economic consequences extend beyond direct treatment costs. Reduced access to clean water can lead to increased healthcare expenditures due to waterborne diseases. It can also deter foreign investment in sectors dependent on reliable water supplies. The long-term sustainability of Ghana's development hinges on addressing this environmental degradation effectively.
The government's commitment to combating galamsey has been a recurring theme in national discourse. However, the persistent pollution figures suggest that current measures may not be sufficient. A more robust and multi-faceted approach, as suggested by Dr. Enobrenaco, is essential to reverse the trend. This includes not only enforcement but also community engagement and economic empowerment initiatives.